APHG Chapter 4 Questions - 1419 Words

Emily Drennan APHG Chapter 4 Questions and Vocab What are local and popular cultures? 1. We define culture as the way of life of a particular people, it is what defines us as people, language, religion, food, and sports are all aspects of culture. 2. The difference between folk culture and popular culture is folk culture is the practice of a custom by a relatively small group of people in a focused area, popular culture is the practice of customs that span several different cultures and may even have a global focus. 3. The book uses the term local culture instead of folk culture because the term folk culture is a limiting concept in as much of it requires us to create a list of traits and to look for cultures that meet that list of†¦show more content†¦How is popular cultural diffused? 1. Distance decay is the idea that the further the trend has to travel the more the trend or idea changes/ decays over time. Yes it has been altered recently because with new technology ideas can spread around the world in less than an hour. 2. With time-space compression the likelihood of diffusion depends on the connectivity among places. 3. The Dave Matthews band became popular by playing 200 nights out of the year at fraternities, sororities, clubs and bars throughout the American south east. The band encouraged the fans to record their music and send it to friends, helping to establish a fan base well outside of where they started in Charlottesville. 4. Marketing agencies play a major role in popular culture because they control what viewers see when they see them and how the product is portrayed, is it good is it bad is it useful? 5. The idea of reterritorialization regarding the hip hop industry means that MTV helped produce music celebrities by taking forms of music that originally came from street corners, block parties, and mixtapes and made them a part of popular cultural, they moved from something insignificant to a huge part in the world today. How can local and popular cultures be seen in the cultural landscape? 1. The term placelessness means the loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape to the point where one place begins to look exactly like the next so on and so forth. VocabShow MoreRelatedThe World is flat5354 Words   |  22 PagesKassandra Chang 8/21/14 Period 1 APHG Summer Writing assignment The World is Flat By: Thomas L. Friedman 1. What is it about the flat world that both excites Friedman and fills him with dread? Friedman gets excited because the flattening of the world means that we as people who inhabit Earth are collecting all of our knowledge and putting it together into this worldwide network. By doing this we would start to emerge ourselves in an era of prosperity, innovation, and collaboration, by company’s

Nicomachean Ethics and Reasons Role in Happiness and Virtue Free Essays

Nicomachean Ethics consists of ten books, by Aristotle, that explains how to live a good life. Living a good life leads to one reaching eudaimonia. Aristotle’s philosophy is that contemplation is the highest activity of a human. We will write a custom essay sample on Nicomachean Ethics and Reasons Role in Happiness and Virtue or any similar topic only for you Order Now To achieve eudaimonia one has to live virtuously, and in order to live virtuously one must use their reason to find out what is the right way, the right place, the right time, and the right reason. Arete is related to virtue. It means excellence. Everything has a function. With arete, something is said to function well. If something has arete then, then the thing performs its function well, and is well itself. It is reaching its full potential. It is performing its function to the best of its ability. If one has arete, they are said to be pursuing excellence in everything that they do. They are living their life excellently. However this does not mean they are living their life perfectly. This is impossible. Perfect is a dream concept. There is no way to achieve true perfection. Virtue is important to live a happy, good life. According to aristotle there are two kinds of virtue, in intellectual and moral. Intellectual virtue is gained through knowledge, while moral virtue is gained through experience and habit. Virtue consists of acting the right way, at the right place, at the right time, for the right reasons. Having virtue is the disposition to become to a good person. Virtue is said to be a skill. Virtue today is thought to be something that can be taught to kids. However being a good person is not about knowing what the right thing to do is, but actually doing the right thing. Virtue is not something that can be thought, like history or biology. It is not simply telling you how to be and how to act, but it is learning how to be a good person. Philosophy is much deeper than that. The doctrine of the mean enlightens one on how to find virtue. Aristotle defines virtue as a middle ground between the extremes of excess and deficiency. To be virtuous, one cannot have too little of a good thing nor too much of a good thing. One has to find the mean between to the two extremes. If one slides too far one way or another, then they will no longer be virtuous. They will be committing a vice. Leaning too far to one side will make a person bad. A virtuous person is great at the balancing act of life. They are able to find the golden mean between the two vices of excess and deficiency. Some believe that virtue is being a good as you can be, but Aristotle reveals that it is possible to have too much of a good thing. One has to know how to find them golden mean in order to be virtuous. Aristotle points out some virtues and how they are means between the two extremes. However, he doesn’t point out every single one. One has to use the their common sense to determine what is the mean between any two things and what to do in what situation. Virtue and excellence are ingredients to have a good life and achieve eudaimonia. Eudaimonia is often translated as happiness. However this is not the best translation, because happiness is a fleeting feeling often associated with pleasure. Eudaimonia is better translated as a flourishing life. It is about overall happiness with life, not just the happiness in the moment that your boyfriend proposes to you. The ultimate goal of life is to achieve eudaimonia. It is our telos. It is a means to itself not to reach any other activity. No one says they want to be happy in order to achieve something else. A person without the common sense to find the mean between the vices of excess and deficiency and live virtuously, or not living up to their full potential, will not be able to reach eudaimonia Aristotle says the highest form of happiness is contemplation. Completion is the highest activity for our rational mind. Those that do have a rational soul cannot reach eudaimonia and they cannot not contemplate. In contemplation, humans are able to process information and evaluate it. Human have such advanced minds compared to any other living thing. Since humans are the only beings that have a rational soul, we are able to reach eudaimonia. Our ability to contemplate is what gives us the ability to be moral or immoral. Human have been given the ability to know what is right or wrong. No other being can have morals or values, because they have no sense of what is right or wrong. For instance, a jaguar cannot feel bad about killing a gazelle. That just how animals are. Animals do what they have to to survive. They cannot rationalize. If humans acted like other animals, then they would be considered savage creatures. People have a conscience. They are able to think and form ideas about what should be done in what situation and why. While there are some intelligent animals, none are intelligent as humans. None have the ability to think and reason like humans do. This is why humans are the dominant species. Humans have been able to evolve enormously at a very rapid pace. From being simple hunter and gatherer tribes of just a few thousand years ago to the complex societies and cultures that we have now in the age of technology. Without the gift of contemplation humans would not be able to live a life of virtue and reach eudaimonia. How to cite Nicomachean Ethics and Reasons Role in Happiness and Virtue, Papers

Evaluation and Reflection

Questions: Task 1: Team development, peer support peer assessment 1. How high was commitment to the team? Were meetings well attended? 2. What were the key stages in the team development? How well did the team work together (a) at the start, (b) during meetings, and (c) on the day of the presentation? 3. What roles were performed within the team? by you and others? 4. How could the team working process have been improved in hindsight, what you personally had done differently individually and/or collectively as a team? 5. What challenges did your team face in the peer assessment process? 6. What personal insights have you learned about yourself, as a result of the learning journey on this part of the module ( Trimester B)? Task 2: Presentation strengths and weaknesses 1. What were the strengths and weaknesses of you team presentation in terms of visuals, flow, and timing compared to (a) the remit and marking criteria; and (b) the other presentations that you observed in class? 2. what were the strengths and weaknesses of your team presentation content and analysis compared to (a) the remit and marking criteria; and (b) the other presentations that you observed in class? Answers: Task 1 1. The group members of the presentation team meet each and every Monday in the afternoon at 1 pm. The group members of the presentation team also meet during the weekdays if required to edit the presentation. The meeting is a very useful and productive as the group members of the presentation meets in the room in the work place to collect and gathers all the important and valuable data and informations to complete the presentation work (Asherman, 2012). In the meeting all the team member of the group gathers the valuable and important data and informations of the presentation and divides the section among the group members of the presentation for the materials of the presentation. The group members of the presentation team should meet in the work place to complete the presentation because the work place is the only place for all the team members to meet and to concentrate on the presentation materials. 2. The group members of the presentation team are created by the teacher. The teacher has taken the initiative to create the group members of the presentation team. This is because there should be differentiation in the work and also in the culture of the student, also in the language used by the student and many other things (Geisler, 2012). But the group members of the presentation team works as a team unit to develop the relation by the group members of the presentation team from the first meeting by break the ice to make the weather more positive to work. During the meeting among the group members of the presentation team, few conflicts rises in some issues related to choose the best sector to discus or to modify the presentation material after the members of the presentation team has finished the research because while working some problem rises which should be solved by the members of the presentation as a team work. The group members of the presentation team worked so hard during editing the presentation that the group members of the presentation team finished their work just before the day of the presentation. 3. The roles among the group members of the presentation team are divided by making the structure of the presentation material together from the material of the presentation. After making the structure of the presentation material, the group members of the presentation team search about the information related to the topic and then started editing the materials in the presentation and then upload the files in the social media web sites such as Facebook and Google Doc to discuss about the presentation material related to the topic in the next meeting. 4. The group members of the presentation team can improve or enhance the team working by organized the time of meeting to discuss about the presentation material related to the topic in the next meeting to become more than one day per week (Geisler, 2012). This is because the group members of the presentation team sometimes become confused if any of the members of the group was failed to meet the other group members. 5. The group members of the presentation team believe that there is different ability to complete the work among the group members. This is because the background of the presentation topic is very challenging as some materials of the topic are a bit confusing. For example: the group members of the presentation team never worked in a group. Working in a group is a bit confusing and it is a different style of work which takes some time to use to with the style of the group work (Frontiera and Leidl, 2012). The most important things is to peer assessment the group members to work together because some of the group members have lots of knowledge about the topic some about presentation design etc. This means work and discipline is the most important evaluation criteria. The peer assessment in the opinion of the team work is divided into the meetings, working with the group, finishing the work and made the presentation with the team members of the presentation team. 6. The group members of the presentation team satisfied with the work done by the group members of the presentation team as a unit by managing the team and helping all the team members of the presentation group to perform better, working with the topics of the presentation (Escudeiro and Escudeiro, 2012). This is because it is very baneful but about the learning the journey it will help the members of the group to discuss about the strengths and weaknesses and will also help the members of the group to understand the perfect theory of the topic. This will also help the team members to work as a team unit and will also help the members of the team to deal with the conflicts arise in the presentation procedures. Task 2 1. The strengths and weaknesses of the presentation are discussed in the following points: Strengths: 1. The group members of the presentation team have self confidence about the material used in the topic of the presentation, as the group members have worked hard with the presentation. 2. The data and information used in the topic of the presentation is a theory based presentation and all the data and the informations of the topic and the theory used in the topic is referenced in the presentation (Escudeiro and Escudeiro, 2012). 3. The group members of the presentation team have read a lot about the topic and the material related to the topic used in the presentation. This will help the group members to answer all the questions asked by their teachers. 4. Another strength of the group members of the presentation team is the body language. As the group members have self confidence about the topic. Weaknesses: The group members of the presentation team have not practiced with the presentation so they have lack of confidence in it. 2. The strengths and weaknesses of the presentation are discussed in the following points: Strengths: 1. The group members of the presentation team have self confidence about the material used in the topic of the presentation, as the group members have worked hard with the presentation. 2. The data and information used in the topic of the presentation is a theory based presentation and all the data and the informations of the topic and the theory used in the topic is referenced in the presentation (Asherman, 2012). Weaknesses: The group members of the presentation team have not practiced with the presentation so they have lack of confidence in it. Reference Lists: Asherman, I. (2012). Negotiation at work. New York: AMACOM. Escudeiro, N. and Escudeiro, P. (2012). Multinational Undergraduate Team Work. Fairfax: IOS Press, Incorporated. Escudeiro, N. and Escudeiro, P. (2012). Multinational Undergraduate Team Work. Fairfax: IOS Press, Incorporated. Frontiera, J. and Leidl, D. (2012). Team turnarounds. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, a Wiley imprint. Geisler, J. (2012). Work happy. New York: Center Street. Geisler, J. (2012). Work happy. New York: Center Street. Gregory, H. (2012). Team work. North Mankato, MN: Capstone Press. Kambi, B. (2012). Team Work For Business Organization Perfomance. Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.

Agency problem and corporate governance free essay sample

The concept of corporate governance in legal and economic terms is equivalent to â€Å"the defense of shareholders†. Corporate governance is the response to typical agency problems between investors and managers of the firm, who frequently have divergent interest. What constrains management to return profit to the suppliers of finance? For the investors â€Å"what will guarantee that their money is best exploited? † managers may use many techniques to pursue personal benefits at the expense of investors. For example they may spend money on unnecessary luxury items, make business decision with the primary intention of increasing their power, or improperly manage risk in a manner that does not maximize shareholders utility. The corporate governance framework consists of explicit and implicit contracts between the company and the stakeholders for distribution of responsibilities, rights, and rewards, procedures for reconciling the sometimes conflicting interests of stakeholders in accordance with their duties, privileges, and roles, and procedures for proper supervision, control, and information-flows to serve as a system of checks-and-balances. We will write a custom essay sample on Agency problem and corporate governance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page i Corporate governance became a pressing issue following the 2002 introduction of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the U. S. , which was ushered in to restore public confidence in companies and markets after accounting fraud bankrupted high-profile companies such as Enron and WorldCom. Most companies strive to have a high level of corporate governance. These days, it is not enough for a company to merely be profitable; it also needs to demonstrate good corporate citizenship through environmental awareness, ethical behavior and sound corporate governance practices.ii II. Content F. Definitions of corporate governance Corporate governance refers generally to the legal and organizational framework within which, and the principles and processes by which, corporations are governed. It refers to the powers, accountability, and relationships of those who participate in the direction and control of a company. Chief among these participants are the board of directors, and management. There are aspec ts of the corporate governance regime that have an impact on the relationship between shareholders and the company. According to principles of good corporate governance and best practice recommendation: Corporate governance is the framework of rules, relationships, systems, and processes within and by which authority is exercised and controlled in corporations. It encompasses the mechanisms by which companies, and those in control, are held to account. Corporate governance influences how the objectives of the company are set and achieved, how risk is monitored and assessed, and how performance is optimized. Effective corporate governance structures encourage companies to create value, through entrepreneurialism, innovation, development and exploration, and provide accountability and control systems commensurate with the risk involved†iii. From The USA perspective, it can be defined as, â€Å" the implementation and execution of processes to ensure that those managing a company properly utilize the time, talents, and available resources in thebest interests of absent owners. These processes include all aspects of a companys performance including risk management, operational and marketing strategies, internal control, conformance with applicable laws and regulation, public relations, communication, and financial reporting. † In the broad sense corporate governance can be defined as the governance â€Å"dealing with problems that result from the separation of ownership and control†.iv Accordingly, corporate governance is concerned with the internal structure and rules o f the board of directors; the creation of independent audit committees; rules of disclosure of information to shareholders and creditors; and control of the management. Hence corporate governance focuses on the following : 1. Shareholders elect directors who represent them. 2. Directors vote on key matters and adopt the majority decision. 3. Decisions are made in a transparent manner so that shareholders and others can hold directors accountable. 4. The company adopts accounting standards to generate the information necessary for directors , investors and other stakeholders to make decisions 5. The company’s policies and practices adhere to applicable national, state and legal lawsv From the narrow sense , corporate governance as defined by Milton friedman is â€Å" to conduct the business in accordance with the owner’s or shareholders’ desires, which generally will be to make as much money as possible, while conforming to the basic rules of the society embodied in law and local customs†. The OECD also offers a broader sense â€Å" corporate governance refers to the private and public institutions, including laws, regulations and accepted business practices, which together govern the relationship in a market economy, between corporate managers and entrepreneurs ( corporate insiders) on one hand, and those who invest resources in corporations, on the other† Hence, corporate governance is the system of rules, practices and processes by which a company is directed and controlled. Corporate governance essentially involves balancing the interests of the many stakeholders in a company these include its shareholders, management, customers, suppliers, financiers, government and the community. Since corporate governance also provides the framework for attaining a companys objectives, it encompasses practically every sphere of management, from action plans and internal controls to performance measurement and corporate disclosure. G. Theories behind corporate governance : The theories that have affected the whole development of corporate governance should be viewed in conjunction with the legal system and capital market development. For example countries like UK and USA have a common law system that tends to give good protection to shareholders rights, while civil law countries, such as France, tend to have less effective legal protection for shareholders rights and more emphasis may be given to stake groups.

Writing Contests and Competitions

Writing Contests and Competitions Writing Contests and Competitions Writing Contests and Competitions By Daniel Scocco This page will be updated regularly with the latest writing contests and competitions from around the web and the world! Make sure to bookmark it. If you are promoting a writing contest, or are aware of one that is not listed here, please send the details to info@dailywritingtips.com and well include it here as soon as possible. Last update: 08/24/2016 Upcoming Contests and Competitions Name: Atlantis Short Story Contest Prizes: $450 total, first prize is $300 Entry fee: starts from $10 Deadline: November 30, 2016 Description: Authors from all around the world are welcome to enter the one and only contest that offers a criqitue for every participating story! Name:

Human Resources Cross Cultural Differences and Leadership with respect Essay

Human Resources Cross Cultural Differences and Leadership with respect to Motivation - Essay Example The study only endorsed prevailing scholarly position by the remarkable success stories of the case studies. So the present study concludes that training in cultural diversity can be incorporated in the development of global managerial skills. The face of workforce in the globalized setting is divergent. This can be area for conflict or an opportunity for growth. "Society today is a global ambiance where national cultures inevitably mingle together. The world of technological innovation, multinational organizations, international trade, and diplomatic conflict resolution creates a necessity for nations to come into contact with each other, to learn, work, and create together, as well as to exchange ideas and resources (human resources included). Organizations function because of people gathered together around a common goal. However, before an organization is formed, people belong to other settings and perform other roles that precede their organizational roles. Various disciplines differentiate culture based on numerous criteria born by the different scientific worldviews they hold." (Dimitrov 2005, p. 22) One definition of culture states that, "Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the me mbers of one group or category of people from another" (Hofstede, 1997, p. 5). Adler (1997) defined culture as the "complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, art, law, morals, customs, capabilities and habits acquired by a man as a member of society" (p.14). This makes it a challenge for the global manager to motivate their employees from different cultural back rounds. Basically, ever since Psychology became an independent branch of enquiry, motivation came under the microscope of scientists and can be viewed as "the willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach goals, conditioned by the efforts' ability to satisfy individual needs." (Dimitrov 2005, p.38). However, the study of motivation in the cultural context is new, early theories form a good beginning. "People are by nature ethnocentric and believe that the way things are done in their culture is the best way" (Mendenhall, Punnett, & Ricks, 1995). Therefore this literature review focuses on the theory of motivation concerning the two topics cross-cultural differences and leadership from an international perspective. Purpose and Scope of the study General perception of the academia in the available literature across the world is in favour of the advantage of assimilation of cultural diversity as tool for the global managers. In order to ascertain the veracity of this position after identifying the key theoretical foundation establishing the efficacy of cultural diversity, an investigation was undertaken of five cases to find out whether cultural diversity really helped them to progress or some other factors were behind their success. The companies examined were IBM, McDonald, IKEA and Reebok. UAE, though not a company, as a unique case of cultural diversity was also studied. In all the case studies the advanatage

Sleeps Relationship to Learning and Memory Essay

Sleeps Relationship to Learning and Memory - Essay Example On the other hand, during REM, EEG waveforms change associated with increased frequencies. This is where memorable dreams occur. Sleep in mammals is described mainly by inactivity of behavior in conjunction with different electrophysiological changes in the motion of the brain.ii Factors like stress, shifting schedules, and longer work contribute to lack of sleeping time. This results to inefficient performance to workers so companies have allotted rooms for quick naps and other businesses have installed apparatus that will improve the results short-term sleeps. Sara Mednick et al. (2002) describe naps to be short periods of sleep which lasts for one hour maximum and likely to enhance one's attentiveness, efficiency and disposition. These brief periods of rest are suitable for people, who are experiencing sleep deprivations, nightshift schedules, and prolonged periods of driving. Daytime naps also improve psychomotor speed and attainment of short-term memory. However, their relation on previously learned information is not yet established although they are common among people with daily information overload. Mednick et al. (2002) suggest the psychological feeling of 'burnout', which is an amplified irritation and frustration brought by decreasing effectivene ss after a lengthened cognitive effort, is not merely a reflection of mental exhaustion but a need for a worn-out mind to experience restoration during sleep.iii Sleep is the only 2. Sleep to Human beings Especially Sleep is the only way by which one can rejuvenate oneself; a mere rest will not be any good as far as the revitalizing factor of sleep is concerned. In relation with that, studies also show the need for the brain to experience the restorative benefits of sleep, and also restore positive attitude emotionally. Matthew Walker (2009) identifies several roles of sleep in cognitive and emotional brain processes.iv 3. Sleep and Human Memory Firstly, Walker observes the role of sleep in memory processing which focused on the declarative memory. Secondly, he relates the ordered structure of sleep and memory stage evolution with the sleep-dependent plasticity models. Thirdly, he discusses the role of sleep in associate memory processing. Fourth, he touches on the emerging advantage of sleep in emotional brain reactivity. Lastly, he proposes a framework of sleep-dependent affective brain processing which will further explain the implications of mood disorders. Neurological studies have shown stimulating role of sleep in the control of brain function and emotional experience. Walker identifies that modulation of affective networks overnight and emotional experiences happened in the past are capable of affecting the restoration and maintenance of the appropriate connectivity for the next-day reactivity. Lisa Marshall and Jan Born mention the role of short wave sleep or the NREM, in benefiting the hippocampus-dependent declara tive memory, and also the valuable for the procedural aspects of memory. 4. Sleep and creativityCreativity has been defined by Mednik as the forming of associative elements into new combinations which either meet specified requirements or are in some way useful. Many studies also have explained the roll of sleep in the creative problem solving process. Denise Cai et al. find REM to be beneficial in terms of improving the associative network construction. It has also enhanced the incorporation of unassociated information,